Freedom of Speech and Expression: Article 19(1)(a) and Reasonable Restrictions
1. Introduction Think about this for a moment. Without the freedom to speak, how would you protest a government policy you believe is unjust? Without the freedom to write, how would journalists expose corruption? Without the freedom to express, how…
B.A. LL.B. (Hons) 5 Year Course – Law of Torts Question Paper MDU
Note : Attempt five questions from Unit – I to IV, selecting one question from each Unit. These questions shall carry 14 marks each. Question No. 9 (Unit – V) is compulsory and each question in this Unit shall carry 3 marks. UNIT – I UNIT – II UNIT – III…
Article 13 of the Indian Constitution: Shield of Fundamental Rights & Judicial Review
1. Introduction — A Small Article with an Enormous Job Somewhere in the very beginning of Part III of the Constitution of India — the chapter that houses our Fundamental Rights — sits Article 13. It is not the most dramatic article. It does not declare…
Indian Partnership Act 1932: Definitions, Elements, and Types
1. Introduction The Indian Partnership Act, 1932 governs partnerships in India. It was enacted to consolidate and amend the law relating to partnership and came into force on 1 October 1932. Understanding the Act — its definitions, the essential elements…
Gujarat HC: LLB Degree No Ground to Deny Maintenance to Divorced Wife
Introduction In a significant ruling that reinforces the protective intent behind maintenance law in India, the Gujarat High Court has made it clear that a woman holding an LLB degree cannot be denied maintenance simply because she has a law…
The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961: A Comprehensive Legal Guide
1. Introduction Imagine a young woman, educated and capable, whose marriage becomes a commercial transaction. Her family is pressured to give cash, gold, appliances, and vehicles — not as a gift of love, but as a demand backed by threat. If the demand is…
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar: The Life, Law, and Legacy of the Architect of Modern India
On the 14th of April, India stops to honor a man whose life was a journey from the very bottom of a rigid social hierarchy to the absolute highest office of the land. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, or Babasaheb, is celebrated today not just as a leader of…
Rights of Surety & Discharge: Indian Contract Act Guide
1. INTRODUCTION The law of guarantee occupies a distinct space in Indian contract jurisprudence. Unlike ordinary bilateral contracts, a contract of guarantee is inherently tripartite. It involves three parties: the principal debtor, the creditor, and the…
Strategic IPR Reconfiguration: Global & Indian Legal Developments
The global landscape of intellectual property rights (IPR) has undergone a foundational metamorphosis between 2021 and 2026. This period marks the definitive transition from a framework centered on physical industrial outputs to one anchored in…
The Doctrine of Frustration (Section 56): Indian Contract Act Explained
1. Introduction — When Life Upends a Contract Two parties enter a contract in good faith. They agree on the terms, fix the price, and plan everything carefully. Then something happens — something nobody could have anticipated or controlled. A war breaks…
