LL.M. 1st Semester Administrative Law Question Paper – November 2017 | MDU
LL. M. 1st Semester (Old SchemeLast 2015-16) Non-cbcsExamination – November, 2017 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Paper : II M 02 Time : Three Hours [ Maximum Marks : 80 ] Before answering the questions, candidates should ensure that they have been supplied the…
Rigorous Imprisonment vs Simple Imprisonment: Meaning, Difference, and Relevance in Indian Law
When a court convicts someone and sends them to prison, most people assume that jail is jail. Same cell, same food, same routine for everyone. That assumption is wrong. Indian criminal law divides imprisonment into two very different types — rigorous…
Sources of Hindu Law: Ancient Roots to Modern Statutes
When a Hindu family in India today disputes property inheritance, or a court decides whether a particular adoption is valid, or a question arises about who qualifies as a legal heir — the answer does not come from just one place. It comes from a layered…
Doctrine of Ultra Vires: Meaning, Types, Effects, and Key Exceptions
A private school — registered strictly to provide education — decides to open a commercial cinema hall on its campus. The management sees profit in it. Investors put money in. Construction begins. Then someone challenges it in court. The cinema gets shut…
Void Agreements and Quasi Contracts Under Indian Contract Law: A Complete Guide
You lend ₹10,000 to a friend. No written agreement, no interest, no formal terms — just trust. He promises to pay back next month. Next month comes. Nothing. Six months later, still nothing. Now here is another one. You accidentally transfer ₹5,000 to…
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India: History, Purpose, and Landmark Cases
In 1979, a journalist named Chameli Singh wrote a letter to the Supreme Court of India. Not a formal petition drafted by lawyers on expensive stamp paper. Just a letter — describing the horrific conditions in which undertrial prisoners were being kept in…
Schools of Jurisprudence: A Complete Guide
Not what the law says. Not which section covers which offence. But what law actually is — where it comes from, why people obey it, and whether something is truly “law” just because a government passed it. Jurisprudence is the branch of legal…
Essentials of a Valid Contract: A Complete, Simple Guide
Let’s say you hired a contractor to renovate your kitchen. You both agreed on the work, the price, and the timeline. He took the advance, did half the job, and disappeared. You want to sue him. But can you? The answer depends on one thing — whether…
Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution: Articles, Meaning, and Exceptions
Imagine waking up one morning and finding out that the police arrested your neighbour overnight — no charges, no court, no explanation. Or that a school down the road refused to admit a child simply because of her religion. Or that a newspaper was shut…
Balancing Life and Liberty: Sonam Wangchuk’s Hunger Strike, Judicial Intervention, and the Limits of Protest
Introduction In the sweltering summer heat of Delhi’s Jantar Mantar, a familiar stage for public dissent, climate activist and educator Sonam Wangchuk began an indefinite hunger strike on June 28, 2026. Joining the ongoing protest by the Cockroach Janta…
