The Indian Constitution, a living legal document, has enshrined certain fundamental rights as inviolable and enforceable against the “State.”

Subordinate law, sometimes referred to as delegated legislation, is an essential feature of contemporary governance, especially in a dynamic and diverse democracy like India. It describes how the Parliament’s legislative authority is transferred to lower-level authorities, including the executive or administrative branches, so they can enact laws or regulations within the parameters set forth by primary legislation.

For many, the law is a collection of “thou shalts” and “thou shalt nots”—a rigid set of rules found in thick, dusty volumes. However, to the legal scholar, the law is a living, breathing organism. The heartbeat of that organism is Jurisprudence. Often called the “grammar of law,” jurisprudence is the study that allows us to look past the written word of a statute to understand the soul of justice itself.

The judicial process is often viewed as a simple straight line: a crime is committed, a trial happens, and a judgment is passed. However, for those within the legal sphere, it is a multi-dimensional architecture designed to balance power, ensure fairness, and uphold the rule of law.

In the intricate world of contracts, not all agreements are created equal. While some form the bedrock of legal enforceability, others are, from the very beginning, destined to be legally meaningless. This brings us to two crucial, yet distinct, concepts under the Indian Contract Act, 1872: Void Agreements and Quasi-Contracts.

In any developing economy, the relationship between labor and management is the engine of growth. However, where there are human interests, conflict is inevitable. To prevent these conflicts from paralyzing the nation’s productivity, the Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 1947 was enacted.

In 1819, U.S. Chief Justice John Marshall delivered a definition that would shape the modern global economy: “A corporation is an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing only in contemplation of law.” While that might sound like a description of a ghost or a legal myth, it is actually the bedrock of capitalism.

Have you ever wondered why some promises are legally binding while others are just “talk”? In India, the line between a casual handshake and a legally enforceable agreement is drawn by the Indian Contract Act, 1872 (ICA).

A private company enjoys several privileges under the Companies Act, such as fewer compliance requirements, limited disclosure obligations, and restrictions on public participation. However, these benefits are granted with the expectation that the company will strictly adhere to the conditions prescribed for private companies.

The Aravali Range is not just a collection of rocks; it is the ancient spine of North India. Stretching from Gujarat to Delhi, these hills act as a green shield against the Thar Desert and a vital recharge zone for our dying groundwater tables. However, in late 2025, a legal definition threatened to dismantle this shield forever.

Delve into the legal framework of Section 2(68) of the Companies Act, 2013. This comprehensive guide examines the statutory restrictions on share transfers, membership limits, and the strategic advantages of the closely-held structure. Master the legal distinctions between private and public entities to understand how 'Private Limited' firms maintain operational autonomy.

The notion of supra vires, derived from the Latin for “beyond the powers,” is a key principle in company law that limits a corporation’s actions to those specifically authorized by its Memorandum of Association (MOA). This survey note delves deeply into its definition, purpose, legal ramifications, historical development, and modern adaptations, citing a variety of sources to ensure a thorough understanding.

The Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) came into force. These laws replaced old colonial codes. Their goal is to modernize, simplify, and improve justice delivery for all citizens.

Does every marriage have legal standing? Under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, certain unions are considered "Void" or non-existent from the start. This guide breaks down Section 11, exploring the legal grounds for nullity—such as bigamy and sapinda relationships—consequences for property, and the legitimacy of children born from such unions.

The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, lays down the rules for Hindu weddings in India, and it also covers Sikhs, Jains, and Buddhists. One important rule is about marrying close relatives—especially cousins. Here’s a straightforward guide to what the law says, why some cousin marriages aren’t allowed, and when exceptions can apply.

Administrative Law is the backbone of a modern welfare state. While Constitutional Law builds the structure, Administrative Law governs the state in motion. Dive into this comprehensive guide to understand the meaning, nature, and expansive scope of administrative powers, and learn how the law maintains the delicate balance between state authority and individual liberty.

The President of India, as the ceremonial head of state and the first citizen, holds a pivotal role in the nation’s governance framework.

The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023, as well as the Indian Constitution, provide a strong framework for protecting the rights of those arrested in India. The BNSS, which superseded the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) in 1973, establishes procedural safeguards, whereas the Constitution guarantees fundamental rights to ensure fairness, openness, and accountability in the criminal judicial system. The following is a complete overview of an arrested person’s rights under certain legal systems.

Muslim law, often known as Sharia, is a complete legal and ethical framework that controls Muslims’ faith, personal behaviour, and society interactions. Sharia, which is based on divine revelation and prophetic tradition, offers a framework for dealing with matters such as marriage and inheritance, as well as ethical and moral behaviour.

Marriage in India is more than just two people joining together; it is a deeply cultural and spiritual institution entrenched in rituals, customs, and societal expectations. Clothing, especially for women, represents marital status, cultural identity, and conformity to society conventions.

In order to provide a comprehensive knowledge, this part offers a full analysis of the legal system, elaborating on the salient features and phases of both criminal and civil cases as well as the appeal procedures. It does this by consulting a number of reliable sources.

This forbids bigamy or polygamy and enforces monogamy. According to Section 11, if one of the parties is already married to another living person, the marriage shall be null and void.

Hindu law is one of the oldest legal systems in the world, with origins that go back thousands of years. It has been influenced by a wide range of historical writings, traditions, and contemporary legislative changes.

In Indian culture, marriage transcends the mere joining of two individuals; it embodies a multifaceted interaction of cultural customs, familial responsibilities, and legal structures. Within this framework, two significant concepts frequently discussed are Stridhan and dowry, both of which are deeply entrenched in Indian matrimonial customs.

The Indian Armed Forces began campaign Sindoor, a carefully thought-out military campaign that targets terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK), on May 7, 2025. One of India’s biggest cross-border attacks since the Balakot airstrikes in 2019, this operation was a direct reaction to the deadly Pahalgam terror incident on April 22, 2025, which killed 25 Indian people and one Nepali national. The operation emphasised India’s steadfast commitment to combating terrorism in addition to showcasing its military prowess.

The Hindu Marriage Act of 1955 (HMA) specifies the reasons, or “grounds,” on which a person may seek for divorce. I’ll explain these grounds in simple terms and present an outline of India’s current divorce rate based on accessible data.

This article provides a complete summary of the Indian government’s response to the recent terror incident in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir, on April 22, 2025, which resulted in the unfortunate deaths of 26 tourists.

A Waqf Board is a statutory entity in India that manages lands provided for religious, charitable, or community purposes under Islamic law, also known as waqf. These properties, such as mosques or schools, are managed to ensure they serve their intended purpose, like supporting the poor or maintaining religious sites.