Doctrine of Ultra Vires: Meaning, Types, Effects, and Key Exceptions
A private school — registered strictly to provide education — decides to open a commercial cinema hall on its campus. The management sees profit in it. Investors put money in. Construction begins. Then someone challenges it in court. The cinema gets shut…
LL.M. 1st Semester Constitutional Law of India Question Paper 2023 – MDU
Roll No. …………………… 67711 LL. M. 1st SemesterCBCS Scheme w.e.f. 2016-17Examination – November, 2023 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF INDIA Paper : 16LLM21C1 Time : Three hours ] [ Maximum Marks : 80 Before answering the…
The Doctrine of Parens Patriae in India: Understanding State Guardianship
Imagine a child left without parents, a person with severe mental illness unable to make decisions, or a community facing an environmental disaster. Who steps in to protect their interests? In many legal systems, including India’s, the answer lies in an…
Evolution of Import-Export Laws in India: From Licence Raj to Liberalisation
1. Introduction — Why States Control Trade at All Every nation controls what comes in and what goes out across its borders. This is not merely economic policy — it is an expression of sovereignty. A state that cannot regulate its trade cannot protect its…